Illusions Within the Great Gatsby

American Illusions in The Great Gatsby The American dream. Every American has his or her own ideals and preferences, but all share more or less the same dream. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald explores what happens when this dream is taken too far. What is one to do when the dream begins to overshadow reality? What are the consequences when a successful man allows the dream to matter more than life itself? Fitzgerald tells all through the hopeless Gatsby, idealistic Nick, and ignorant Myrtle. Mansions, cars, jewels, and extravagant parties- what more could a person want?Gatsby had it all, yet he was still empty inside, craving more. All the riches Gatsby has mean nothing without his great love, Daisy. Gatsby strived to become successful for the sole purpose of capturing Daisy's heart. However, Gatsby's dream is an unattainable and hopeless dream for he can never win her love. Daisy and Gatsby live only miles apart, but their relationship is eons apart, as Daisy is already attached. Ga tsby is pursuing â€Å"a transcendent significance outside of society and beyond the notability of history† (Lynn 180).Gatsby is dreaming â€Å"the American dream† that anything is possible, but the tragic flaw within him is that he is living in the past and cannot see the destructive future that lies ahead. Gatsby says, â€Å"I'm going to fix everything just the way it was before,†¦ She'll see,† and he does not realize that he cannot make it the way it was before (Fitzgerald 114). When Gatsby does get the chance to prove himself to Daisy, it is already too late. According to Fitzgerald, â€Å"the whole caravansay had fallen in like a card house at the disapproval in her eyes,† (Fitzgerald 114).Gatsby's downfall is in the fact that he is unable to determine the fine line that divides reality and illusion in his life. The green light at the end of Daisy's dock burns bright for Gatsby, but Gatsby does not realize that he cannot ever capture the light. He continues to dream blindly. This is evident when Nick tells Gatsby that he cannot relive the past and Gatsby replies, â€Å"Why of course you can, old sport! † (Fitzgerald 116). Gatsby's dream of capturing Daisy's love is based on a fantasy of romance, but the truth is that Daisy is already taken and no amount of money or popularity can change hat. His obsession leads him to come out and profess his love for Daisy, but Daisy does not follow in suit and his dream is over. Nick sums up Gatsby by saying â€Å"He did not know that [his dream] was already behind him†¦ † Gatsby's â€Å"American dream† was a one-way street and, with unrequited love, Gatsby's dream can never come true. Gatsby's â€Å"American dream† leads him to protect Daisy and causes his subsequent downfall, death. Nick has a haughty and idealistic dream of America, which clouds his own judgment.Nick is more aware than Gatsby. He makes a clear distinction between fantasy and reality. N ick is able to separate romance from real life. He has a perfectionist vision of America, and he judges people against his ideal American society. Nick is the right person in the wrong city associating with the wrong crowd. Nick is raised in an idealist middle-west society â€Å"where dwellings are still called through decades by a family's name,† and where tradition is part of everyday life (Fitzgerald 184).Nick dreams the â€Å"American dream† that he can travel to the East and become wealthy and still have all the old-fashioned ways of his town. After spending a few months in the East, Nick comes to the realization that the East is corrupt, materialistic, and self-centered. Nick's view on life is based on Western morals and a â€Å"western† American dream; one to which the East cannot measure up. Nick follows his dream according to his western morals of hard work and righteousness, yet in the East he possesses â€Å"some deficiency† which made him â₠¬Å"subtly unadaptable to Eastern life† (Fitzgerald 184).Nick is portrayed as a young man who comes to the East to make his fortune, but finally goes back to the mid-west, horribly disillusioned. Nick is let down by his â€Å"American dream† and loses a part of his faith in society. Myrtle Wilson, like many other commoners among American society, has the â€Å"American dream† to move ahead and become successful. Myrtle is tired of her life as a â€Å"nobody from nowhere. † She wanted power, wealth, and fame. Myrtle's way out of the ruins of society and the valley of the ashes is Tom. Myrtle feels a sense of power and with Tom she is closer to her â€Å"American Dream. Myrtle, as many Americans do, dreams of moving up in the social ladder, up towards the extravagant parties of the rich- the ultimate â€Å"American dream. † Myrtle had no chance of moving up with George Wilson, and she ended up having an affair with Tom to get ahead. Myrtle does not re alize she is just a toy on the side for Tom, and her dream will not likely come true. Myrtle is too foolishly stuck in her optimistic and ideal world to realize that Tom will never take a chance at moving a step down the social ladder.The naive Myrtle dreams of moving ahead with Tom and towards the rich society, yet in the end it is carelessness of that same society which causes her death. Myrtle Wilson turns out to be the brutal victim of Gatsby's and Daisy's love affair, as she left in the street for death while Gatsby and Daisy drive off without any thought of what they had done. â€Å"They saw that her left breast was swinging loose like a flap and there was no need to listen for the heart beneath† (Fitzgerald 145).Myrtle just wanted to attain her â€Å"American dream† like many others, but her ambition and lust for power caused her to pay the ultimate price, death. The hopelessness of Gatsby, Nick's idealism, and Myrtle's dream all contribute to the illusion of th e American Dream. It is not simply American to dream, it is the duty of every person to dream. However, to dream too far and become too entranced and engrossed in one's dream leads to either destructive behavior, ruin, or to disappointment. The Great Gatsby is based on this idea of an â€Å"American dream. † However, dreams that are taken too far become harmful illusions.

4 main threats to Antarctica

Tourism: Strange as it may be Antarctica is gradually developing into a popular tourist destination. This is because people who have been around the world and seen places like Niagara falls and Ayers rock and other natural phenomena's like the idea of going to Antarctica and getting photos of penguins etc. The problem with this is that it upsets the local wildlife and can make disrupt mating season with certain species. Some of the ecosystems are so delicate that even the slightest human interference might disrupt them. These ecosystems must be protected at all costs and to protect them we cannot have tourists looking at them taking pictures getting involved with these animals who until recently had never seen a human before. Another bad thing about humans is wherever we go we tend to leave a mess and litter could severely damage the environment. Can you imagine a lichen/moss has taken hundreds of years to grow to finally get above the ice and survive only for a human to step on it and kill it? This is something that we cannot risk but tourism has a plus side. For instance it will provide another source of income that could help scientific equerries and if the proposed tourist building is built it will allow the scientists to work and do something different apart from research. It is hoped that this building would help tourism to expand from the present 2500 tourists a year. But how to protect animals from tourists? Is a very good question and a set of rules has been developed so that visitors can get a good experience without disturbing the wildlife too much. There is not much we can do to discourage tourism but we can set a limit to the amount of people allowed on the continent and make sure that they f ollow a set of guidelines so that they do not interfere with the wildlife. Mining: This is another big threat because things like oil and coal and minerals like copper and iron will not last forever. And the problem is that Antarctica has the worlds' largest coal deposits and possibly huge stores of oil that could be used to extract tens of billions of barrels of oil. It also contains several large deposits of iron ore and even some of gold and silver. This leaves a dilemma because if the resources run out then Antarctica could well be the answer to the problems but; there are many downsides to mining in Antarctica. It would be very, very expensive because all food, water and equipment would have to be imported and then on top of that the minerals would have to be exported but to where, and how? It is a very hard problem to resolve. As well as the problem with transport as hard as that is obtaining the minerals. Most are buried beneath tonnes of ice and it would be extremely dangerous trying to retrieve them. Another point is that the minerals and coal are very low quality and not worth risking lives and money for. The treaty has banned mining for 50 years and even after that time it may not even be considered. But by that time someone may have developed a way of getting the materials cheaply and quickly who can tell? Currently there seems no need for a solution so it is not yet a problem but some time in the future it may be so we have to be prepare. Global warming: this is a big threat because if the ice caps were to melt then sea levels would definitely rise considerably. Also it is not just melting ice caps that are dangerous but moving ice caps. Huge sections of ice are breaking off from the main mass of ice and drifting away on the currents. Could you imagine what would happen if a section of ice with a colony of penguins went floating away to a warmer continent where they could not find food? It is unsatisfactory but at the present time there is nothing we can do to completely halt global warming but reducing will help slow down the melting ice although there is little that can be done. Fishing: There is a danger that krill and other small fish will be over fished and that mean a huge danger for all the animals in the Antarctic. Krill provide food for nearly every sea animal and if they are over fished then the other will starve. This means that the krill must be protected at all costs and made sure that their numbers are not allowed to drop. It takes 20 years for a fish to mature and so over fishing is a great danger. By lowering fishing quotas and the time the boats are allowed to fish in the waters will help to keep up krill numbers and not over fish. Opinions: we interviewed several different people and asked what they thought about the Antarctic and what should be done. Japanese whale hunter: ‘Hunting whales is my livelihood and my family and I would starve if I couldn't hunt whales. Around the Antarctic there are lots of whales and we should be able to hunt them. I know we may put them in danger but there would be too many jobs lost if we weren't allowed to do it.' Australian fisherman: ‘I know that over fishing is a danger but we have to get enough fish to make money. I agree limiting the fish quota would help stop over fishing but they must not lower the fishing quota too much or we won't be able to make any money.' Scientist: ‘I am totally against any form of development, mining and even tourism because Antarctica, as the last wilderness on earth, cannot afford to be ruined by human corruption. If we allow too many tourists too come or too many fish to be caught then the whole eco-system that has survived for so long with no human interference will collapse.' Politician: ‘It is my view that eventually some development on Antarctica should be considered but for now we should look to preserve it. Although it will require an income and many people may not get as much pay as they did this cannot be helped if he purity that is Antarctica is to be kept safe. In my opinion I believe that Antarctica should be kept the way it is although maybe making it into a huge wildlife preserve or a world park seem like very reasonable ideas. Every precaution must be taken to prevent over fishing and the animals life from being disturbed. I leave you with this thought. In a hundred years the world's population could have doubled and every spare inch of land will be taken up by housing. Would you see a place like Antarctica filled up with houses? It may happen; so I suggest we try to keep it perfect while we still can and try to find out as much as we can before it's too late.

Beliefs Taken to the Extremes

Believing extreme faith is a fundamental characteristic of man. Faith in many things is a factor that helps people keep on living. Religion is one of the most powerful powers of human emotions, and these emotions often create dangerous situations. When people's religious beliefs reach an extreme level, innocent people may be hurt. There was an example of such a case in history. From the Inquisition in Israel to the battle in Ireland, the recent events in the World Trade Center, people have seen extreme religious beliefs. I think Christians argue that they believe extreme things. To become extreme. Even simple beliefs on monotheism can not be measured. In a sense, there are God, God, Almighty, omniscience, ubiquitous - creator of the universe. This is a belief that shakes the foundation of the earth. But who do you believe? In theology, many people believe it. But they do not believe in their beliefs. They will be questioned to believe what they believe. I believe in God. I believe in God. What does this mean, is there a god? How does this affect me? What does that mean for my reality? Believing extreme faith is a fundamental characteristic of man. Faith in many things is a factor that helps people keep on living. Religion is one of the most powerful powers of human emotions, and these emotions often create dangerous situations. When people's religious beliefs reach an extreme level, innocent people may be hurt. There was an example of such a case in history. Unlike professional sports, from university hearings to suicide bombers, college sports are very violent and unaffiliated by university stakeholders. Before 1850 there was nothing like university sports. College staff knows that students are seeking physical liberation, so the way to cope with the epidemic is through physical labor. They allow students to cultivate or cleanse debris from the university campus. University officials think this is positive as this gives the students body.

Child abuse and neglect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Write a memo and a unsolicited recommendation letter based on guidline Article

Write a memo and a unsolicited recommendation letter based on guidline - Article Example However, with all of this in mind, it has recently been noted that healthcare premiums have continued to rise; and eventuality that places an undue level of stress on the business and upon the employees. However, rather than merely raising the premiums across the board for all individuals in the company, it has been determined that a far more equitable and fair approach would be to raise healthcare premiums by 15% for those individuals smoke stop the underlying reason for this is not to target a specific group of people; instead, it is meant as a way of fairly representing the healthcare costs that the insurer, and by extension this company, is forced to pay. Further understanding with regards to the impacts of smoke and secondhand smoke reveals the fact that those individuals who are smokers are invariably more likely to develop a litany of different health issues. As a direct result of this, increasing the premiums for smokers is a way in which the insurance companies, and by extension this company, can continue to provide a high quality of care and a high level of reimbursement for health-related expenses for all employees. However, rather than merely punishing smokers, it is the goal of this company to reduce the overall number of individuals that smoke; maximizing the health of those individuals that work for our firm, public health, and minimizing the level of insurance premiums that are required to be paid annually. Because of this and due to the fact that it is our commitment to promote the health and well-being of each individual that is employed, we have partnered with several smoking cessation programs and will facilitate employees to sign up for these if they wish to avoid the increase in premiums that will be affected in the near future. The underlying rationale for this has to do with the fact that it is our hope that more and more people within the company will come to an understanding of the fact that smoking is

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Discussion question - Assignment Example Meanwhile, mothers who smoked during pregnancy harmed not only themselves but the fetus in their womb. The harm is really brought about by the substance nicotine that causes the decrease of the flow of blood into the uterus, preventing the normal development of the placenta, and results in reduced fetal weight gain (Berk 111). As such, pregnant mothers should avoid a smoking lifestyle or second-hand smoking from the environment. Finally, exposure to radiation is another factor that hinders fetal development (Berk 113). In particular, medical xrays should be avoided at all costs during pregnancy. If it cannot be avoided, then shields for abdominal xrays should be requested. It also important that as children grow up a stress-free environment at home is maintained or a combination of these harmful environmental factors can result to psychological imbalances characterized by low self-esteem and emotional instability. Unfortunately, a decrease in the amount of blood in mothers during delivery can result to their baby going through anoxia or the lack of oxygen (Anslow; Bracci et al. as cited in Berk 139). Ten percent of these babies develop cerebral palsy or brain damage and end up walking, speaking, or moving unsteadily. Others even have mental retardation. The good news is that children with cerebral palsy are now given holistic treatments to help them function fully in their every day lives. They receive physical therapy, occupational therapy, and special education that ultimately helps them to develop to the fullest of their physical, emotional, and mental capabilities. Another birth issue that affects the development of children is premature delivery (Berk 140). Babies who have been born weeks before they can fully develop have certain difficulties. In specific, those who have been delivered six weeks in advance typically suffer from respiratory distress syndrome. To

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Prospectus - Assignment Example s is the issue of fatigue, which can directly or indirectly affect the nature and likelihood of human error in the flight desk, especially with the recent commercial developments. Fatigue has a direct and well established impact on human performance. The purpose of this paper is to explore fatigue as one of the human factors that leads to accidents in the aviation industry and ways to mitigate its impact through use of various mitigating factors that ranges from Crew Resource Management (CRM) to the implementation of Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs). To control the effects of fatigue in the aviation industry, fatigue management mechanisms should be employed. These mechanisms involve a process that that has three steps: Identifying causes of fatigue, recognizing effects of fatigue and lastly implementing fatigue strategies. Identifying the causes of fatigue is the first step in fatigue management. Having in mind the recent and continuous commercial developments, the likelihood of the flight crew fatigue may be as a result of: cumulative sleep debt, unsympathetic rotating shift schedules, extended shifts and flying hours, circadian misalignment and the need to perform additional ground-based management (Flight Safety Foundation, 2003). Effects of fatigue may ranges from minor errors to fatal errors or major accidents. Fatigue makes pilots to scan instruments less effectively; it affects their timing actions and ability to anticipate situations with the required level of accuracy. Implementing the coping strategies to fatigue would make remarkable progress in improving safety and efficiency required to reduce and manage human errors. With proper management of fatigue, we can optimize the match between people and the systems in which they work, while improving safety and performance. These strategies include; Conducting Crew Resource Management (CRM) training: The aim of this training is to educate the crew on the limits of human performance as well as to

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Self Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Self Evaluation Essay I was quite confident about my writing style and had the impression that I am competent enough. But when more than one of my projects got remarks like ‘improve your writing skill’ and ‘work hard on your writing style’, I was shocked and was unable to look for my faults. I had to discuss with one of my teachers who explained that I was using parallelism in my writing style, which was quite boring and repetitive. Then I noticed that I was using some of the words quite a lot of time and they were even repeated quite a lot of times in one single sentence. When I read my story I found that lots of characters were created which either confused the reader or left them bewildered. I had to really work hard so that I make my essays or stories interesting for the reader. While analyzing my early essays I found that most of the time I got diverted from the main stream of discussion and wasted my pages on not so important issues. I now understand it was because I need to draw on outline of my essay before finally writing it. I should deal the objectives and organize them according to the preferences required hile writing it. Repetitive use of words or phrases spoils the charm of writing and fails to make story interesting. Even if the plot is good and organized, it needs to be appealing so that the reader finds it out of the ordinary. I had the idea that repetitive use of words and phrases add weight to your work but it is not in essays or stories. It gives the impression that the writer is using same words just because he is lacking original ideas for the story. This gives a bad impression and cuts your marks eventually. I was always against plagiarism and had the idea that it is just copying word by word of some other writer’s work. But even if you use some facts by changing few words with their synonyms is also categorized under plagiarism. It was quite difficult to understand this issue but I will have to work on it so that my essays are not remarked as ‘plagiarized’. I use sources from Internet or some times related books to research on any matter. I have written different essays on numerous subjects and all I was able to find on Internet. I researched and then collected the matter, read and organized them and wrote iving my opinion on the issue. I have been getting experienced in different types of essays dealing personal as well as public issues. I worked on various writing styles like MLA format, APA format, Chicago style and many more. Initially these were quite new for me but as I worked cautiously and followed the instructions it has become quite easy for me now. To mesmerize the reader it is important to maintain the charm of your topic and suspense of the story till its end. For a good writer it is important that the reader has lots of quarries hile reading the story so that he is not in a position to leave reading it until he ends it. It is an ongoing process and one needs to improve a lot to become a good writer. Lots of practice and a good guidance will help you improve your writing skills. When I was first pointed out with my mistakes I thought I would never be able to improve these things as they come in flow of my natural way of writing. But I was wrong because during the course I was not only able to get rid of my drawbacks but also improved and made my writing style interesting from the point of view of readers. Now this is the most important thing for a writer and he/she can get rewards only when his work gets appreciated by his/her readers. There are lots of things to be taken in to consideration when you research on writing skills and you will feel that you need to learn quite a lot of stuff on the art of writing. It is actually a vast area and there are things that are required to learn and some areas get developed with your experience too. I found that the areas, which used to involve me for hours while writing an essay is now engaging me for remarkably less time. These all happened because of correct learning procedure and practice also. As far as parallelism is considered it is not completely useless but you will find it very useful while writing employment documents. Here you need to put stress on some person or his qualities and it is effective only when you repeat words and phrases. So avoiding parallel style of writing entirely is not right. There are times when you need to echo some facts and there you will need this style along with balance and rhythm so that you are able to convey your actual meaning and intention.

Of Mice and Men Question Lennies big fingers fell to stroking her hair Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Question Lennies big fingers fell to stroking her hair Essay The pathetic figure of Lennie seems to symbolise mankind in its search for love. Do you agree? How does Steinbeck treat this theme in Of Mice and Men? In the book, Of Mice and Men, Lennie an opposite extreme to George; George is quite smart but not very tall or exceptionally strong, Lennie on the other hand is extremely stupid and very tall with exceptional strength. The way Steinbeck writes about Lennie, the audience feels great pity for him; the dialogue is very basic and he has trouble remembering simple tasks like keeping silent. The way he speaks can be related to the same way a three year old speaks; Lennie has the same sort of mind as a three year and is pleased by the same things. He has an affinity to touch everything and that is how he came to be stroking the ladys hair. The way Lennie acts, speaks and looks creates a strong sympathy for him in the readers mind and Steinbeck plays on this to give the overall plot of the story. The idea that Lennie symbolises mankind in its search for love is what I believe is not a very good theory. The main basis for this is because Lennie does not understand what love is and the idea that mans job in life is to look for love does not appeal to me. I do not think that a man goes around looking for love but love finds him, George did not ask to be loved by Lennie or to even take him on, he was offered and he made a promise. The only way which I believe that a man looks for love is through what he enjoys doing. If you love playing football then you are in search of your chance to be a footballer, you are in search of your love. This is the only in which I think this theme works in Of Mice and Men. Lennie loves George in a way which he does not understand, but George has grown to love him through their escapades together. In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck uses love in a lot of ways; one way is Georges love of his dream. George fantasizes about owning his own little cottage with land he can farm on, he loves his dream and wishes it to come true. Lennie loves all creatures be it mice or puppies, he adores them and just loves to pet them and stroke them like a toddler loves to touch anything it can lay its hands on. Candy loved his dog and spent all his time with it, Curley loves boxing and spends most of his time practicing with his fists, Curleys wife loves acting and deeply regrets missing her chance. Love plays a great part in Of Mice and Men, but nothing is as strong as the love between Lenny and George, George only realises how much he loves Lennie when Lennie is under the death sentence. George risks his own life to save Lennie and he realises that he will thoroughly miss Lennie. The theme that man is in search of love is also incorporated into Of Mice and Men by Steinbecks pen. George is in search of his dream cottage and every possible way to get it, the cottage is his love and he would go to no extreme to reach it. Lennies love is of keeping a heard of rabbits, he is constantly referring to them in the book and would love to have them. However he is letting George pursue the search to get them for him because he is completely incapable of getting them himself. Crooks is in search of finding friends to sit and talk with or being accepted by the other men on the ranch. His love is gain friends and become one of the gang and be allowed to play cards with them in the bunkhouse. Curley is in search of becoming a boxer, he loves using his fists and he is searching for his chance to become a boxer again. Curleys Wife is constantly searching for her chance to escape from Curley and become and actress, she loves acting so she is in search for a career in acting. The idea of searching for love is incorporated a lot into Of Mice and Men; every main character is in search of his or her love whether it be human, animal or even a career.

Sulphide solubility in magma

Sulphide solubility in magma Abstract This essay aims to define the controls on sulphide solubility in magma, such as pressure, temperature and element activity. Chalcophile elements, elements of low abundance, form sulphide and arsenide minerals but are not stable at high temperatures of igneous crystallization. The relation of the processes of sulphide solubility against the relative outcomes for chalcophile elements will be looked into. Introduction Sulphur (or sulfur) is a natural substance; its elementary state is a crystalline solid of yellow colour. Sulphur is found in various forms, as mineral sulphides and sulphates, such as galena and cinnabar. Magmatic sulphide deposits with Nickel-Copper-Platinum-group elements are a result of segregation and concentration of liquid sulphide from mafic or ultramafic magma, and the screening of chalcophile elements into these deposits from the silicate magma. (A. J. Naldrett 2004) Due to the variation of sulphide deposits, it is convenient to relate the magmatic sulphide deposits to the bodies of mafic or ultramafic rock in terms of the composition of the magma associated with these rocks. It is then reasonable to investigate the geochemical and geophysical setting and the processes in which these deposits are formed. According to A. J. Naldrett, 2004, the key aspects in the creation of magmatic sulphide deposits are that the magma saturation in sulphide and segregation of the immiscible sulphide has to be concentrated locally with a sufficient amount of magma concentrating chalcophile elements to comprise ore of economic value. In conditions of normal mafic magma cooling and crystallization, no early segregation of liquid sulphides are noticed. This implies that the magma would have to be saturated in sulphide in the igneous body state. The assumption is that there is a process prior to the magmas extrusion from the ground, and final emplacement, where sulphide saturation is caused. The above assumption is reinforced due to the fact that most basaltic magmas, other than Mid Ocean Rig Basalts, have high contents of Platinum Group elements. The Controls The mantle has an estimated concentration of 300-1,000 parts per million (Sun 1982). This is believed to be the primary source of the sulphur carried in basaltic magmas. The solubility of sulphur is controlled by temperature, pressure, contents iron oxide and titanium oxide and their activity in the melt, oxygen and sulphur fugacity, the oxidation state of the melt and the mafic versus the felsic components in the melt. (Fincham Richardson 1954, Haughton et a. 1974, Shima Naldrett 1975, Buchanan Nolan 1979, Buchanan et al. 1983) These factors, or otherwise conditions, of sulphide solubility in the melt will be explored in order to record the effects of the controls of sulphur solubility against the deposits composition. Leaving the mantle, and entering the crust of the earth, the melts can either be intrusive or extrusive, yet the fundamental pressure temperature relation for sulphide solubility, from mantle to the crust in liquid state, remains the same. Pressure and temperature increase with depth; according to Marvrogenes and ONeil (1999), increased pressure presents a negative effect on a silicate melt, dissolving less sulphide. As pressure decreases and the melt reaches the surface, it ability to dissolve iron sulphide increases. Considering that the majority of melts leave the mantle unsaturated in sulphide, as they reach lower depths, while the pressure and temperature decrease, the sulphide saturation is not achieved; furthermore the temperature decrease can offset this relation, causing further decrease in sulphur solubility. (Buchanan and Nolan 1979) Exiting the mantle, sulphide segregation will occur after the silicates initiate crystallization. Therefore, the sulphides will be assorted with the silicate grain. The simultaneous crystallization, as a function of temperature and pressure conditions along with the composition of the liquid sulphide would produce a sulphide rich deposit (for nickel and copper dominant magmatic deposits against platinum group element magmatic deposits) only if an external factor could intervene. This factor, or condition, would reinforce the sulphide segregation, without further enhancing silicate crystallization. At isothermal conditions of 1200oC, Buchanan 1988, sulphur content in the silicate melt decreases with the increase of oxygen fugacity (fO2) at constant sulphur fugacity (fSÂ ­2). Furthermore, the study displays a correlation between sulphur (wt % S2) content and iron oxide (FeO %), with a logarithmic increase on the field of saturation. On the other hand, the compositions of the melt in terms of the variation of content of iron oxides (FeO) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) diversify the ability of the melt to dissolve sulphide. The increase or decrease of oxide content in the melt is correlated to the sulphide solubility in the mixture. Oxidation is capable of causing the formation of an insoluble sulphide in the melt as a result of a reaction within the liquid between the soluble substances, usually without causing silicates crystallization. Oxygen and sulphur fugacity, and their relation to the pressure temperature setting, along with their ratio, are important factors for sulphide solubility. Induction of sulphur from an external source, and the felsification of a mafic magma are important causes of sulphide segregation. Silicate magma reacts with the sulphide liquid, resulting in the formation of the magmatic sulphide deposit. The ratio of reaction and the composition of both the sulphide liquid and the silicate magma , along with the controls on which the elements react are responsible for the final outcome. Buchanan 1988, determined the solubility of sulphur as a function of sulphur fugacity (fS2) in a basaltic melt containing 17 wt% iron monoxide (FeO) at a range of 1000 to 1400oC. Although the fugacity of oxygen and sulphur remain constant, the rate of increase of sulphur solubility drops from a factor of 10 times per 100oC at 1100oC, reduced to 3 times at 1400oC, implying that there is a threshold of maxima in sulphur saturation with temperature increase; the saturation is achieved in 1450oC. Hence, the actual sulphur content increases with temperature but decreases in rate, although with higher sulphur fugacity saturation is achieved at lower temperatures. The increase in sulphur content with increase temperature is reinforced by the experiments of Haughton et al 1974 and Shima and Naldrett 1975, for which, although the figures are of different nature for direct comparison, the fact remains that the sulphur content actually increases with temperature, making this a control of sulphu r solubility in the magmatic melt. The studies and experimental conditions on which pressure is investigated as a control in sulphur solubility are vast and vary on their conditions. The outcome of different studies such as Haung and Williams 1980 and Wendlandt 1982, indicate that under natural conditions increase in pressure has a negative effect on sulphur content. In contrast, the increase of FeO levels in the melt increase the sulphur solubility and this is confirmed by Mavrogenes and ONeil 1999, where the study of basaltic melts with 6-14 wt% FeO on pressures varying from 5-90 kilo bars and temperatures of 1400oC and 1800oC shows increase sulphur content at sulphide saturation with pressure. Sulphur can be found dissolved in an aqueous fluid. The sulphur content of the fluid is determined by its sulphur dioxide against hydrogen sulphide ratio (SO2:H2S). The ratio (Misra K.C. 1999) increases with increasing oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the initial magma before the start of second melting. Aqueous fluids originating from high oxygen fugacity magmas (I-type; high fO2) may contain large quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) as well as hydrogen sulphide (H2S). At lower temperatures on cooling hydrolysis of the SO2 (4SO2 + 4H2O = H2S + 3H2SO4) or its reaction with Fe2+ bearing minerals of the wallrocks (SO2 + 6FeO + H2O = H2S +3Fe2O3) increases the activity of H2S, causing precipitation of sulphide ore minerals from the metal-chloride complexes in the aqueous solution. On the other hand, aqueous fluids originating from low oxygen fugacity magmas (S-type; low fO2) may contain as much H2S as those derived from high oxygen fugacity, but because of lower oxygen fugacity they contain les s sulphur dioxide so the total amount of sulphur is smaller. Thus, aqueous fluids that separate from I-type magmas tend to produce Cu-Mo-Zn-Fe sulphide deposits, whereas fluids from S-type magmas generally precipitate smaller quantities of sulphides, mainly pyrrhotite, and correspondingly larger quantities of oxides, such as cassiterite (Burnham Ohmoto 1980). In either case, the precipitation of sulphides form metal-chloride complexes is accompanied by generation of HCl. The HCl and the H2SO4 produced by SO2 hydrolysis are consumed by acid alternation of aluminosilicate minerals in the wallrocks. (Misra K.C. 1999) Chalcophile Elements The partitioning of Chalcophile metal elements between sulphides and silicate metals are referred to as metals with low concentration, such as Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Colbat (Co) are exchanged with elements of higher concentration, like Iron (Fe). The Nernst coefficient of partitioning, arranged for iron substitution is the ratio of the products of the % (per cent) weights of the elements substituted. References Buchanan D. L. (1988). Development in Economic Geology Platinum-Group Element Exploration. Elsevier. ISBN 0444429581 Naldrett A. J. (2004). Magmatic Sulfide Deposits : Geology, Geochemistry and Exploration. Springer. ISBN 3540223177 Mungall J. E. (2005). Exploration for Platinum-Group Elements Deposits. Mineral Association of Canada. ISBN 0921294352 Misra K. C. (1999). Understanding Mineral Deposites. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0045530092 Whitney J.A. (1989). Ore Deposition Associated with magmas. Society of Economic Geologists. ISBN 0961307439 Vaughan D. J. (1977) Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521214890

The Life and Works of Ezra Jack Keats Essay example -- Literary Analys

After a four week survey of a multitude of children’s book authors and illustrators, and learning to analyze their works and the methods used to make them effective literary pieces for children, it is certainly appropriate to apply these new skills to evaluate a single author’s works. Specifically, this paper focuses on the life and works of Ezra Jack Keats, a writer and illustrator of books for children who single handedly expanded the point of view of the genre to include the experiences of multicultural children with his Caldecott Award winning book â€Å"Snowy Day.† The creation of Peter as a character is ground breaking in and of itself, but after reading the text the reader is driven to wonder why â€Å"Peter† was created. Was he a vehicle for political commentary as some might suggest or was he simply another â€Å"childhood† that had; until that time, been ignored? If so, what inspired him to move in this direction? Born in March of 1916 as Jacob (Jack) Ezra Katz, he was the third child to Benjamin and Augusta Katz. His parents were both Polish immigrants of Jewish descent and they raised him in East New York, the predominantly Jewish section of Brooklyn. As immigrants they were plagued with financial difficulties and this was further aggravated when they struggled through the Depression. Despite all of these hardships, Keats had already begun to showcase his artistic abilities. At the age of eight he was hired to paint the sign of a local store. Naturally, his father was quite proud of him when he earned twenty-five cents for his work and hoped that this might endeavor might lead to a steady career as a sign pa ¬inter. Unfortunately for him, Keats was smitten with Fine Arts and won his first award in Junior High School: a medal for ... ...undeniable. Works Cited Gerard J.Keats, Ezra Jack. Goggles! New York: Puffin Books, 1969. Keats, Ezra Jack, and Cherr, Pat. My Dog is Lost! New York: Crowell, 1960. Keats, Ezra Jack. Peter’s Chair. New York: Viking, 1967. Keats, Ezra Jack. Skates! New York: Watts, 1973 Keats, Ezra Jack. The Snowy Day. New York: Viking, 1962. Senick, Gerard J., and Hedblad, Alan. Children’s Literature Review: Excerpts from Reviews, and Commentary on Books for Children and Young People (Volumes 14, 34, 35). Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1995.. Ezra Jack Keats: A Virtual Exhibit. The University of Southern Mississippi De Grummond Children's Literature Collection. Web. 19 July 2010. . Http://www.ezra-jack-keats.org/. Ezra Jack Keats Foundation. Web. 19 July 2010. .

A Life Changer in the Mountains Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

I am proud to be a snowboarder in my home state of Minnesota. Its special climate and terrain has forced us to look at the technical aspects of the sport and focus on that because we do not have the large mountains to go on long rides all day. As I look back on my snowboarding days back home, I see many stories that I will take with me for a lifetime. However, my most memorable moment in snowboarding happened in the mountains of Utah. Ever year my girlfriend’s family and I take a trip to Salt Lake City, Utah, and snowboard the surrounding ski resorts in the area. Our first year, by far, was the most memorable moment. This was the first time I actually snowboarded in the mountains in the west. So as we embarked on our snowboarding trip, our ignorance led us to do some stupid and crazy things when we were there. The morning was cool and crisp, and the snow reflected the bright, shiny rays of the sun. The day was perfect for snowboarding in the mountains of Utah. The forecaster on the radio rambled on about how such a nice day it was going to be in the mountains. My girlfriend’s brothers, Sam and Scott, and I were excited, and we quickly packed our items that we thought we needed for the day. We got in the car and rushed up the windy road to the ski resort. We threw on our clothing, bought our tickets, and darted to the tram to the top of the mountain. Riding up that tram was so peaceful. The mountains were around us, and the snow was blowing off the tops of the peaks around us. Everything was quiet but the rustling of the brisk wind. The smell of the crisp dry air permeated my nostrils. We knew today was going to be a great day before us. Our morning rides were of such ecstasy. We had ankle deep powder, and ... ...rder. When we found a patch of snow that wasn’t moving, we sent a praise to God for having his hand over us. We then turned around and watched the snow crumble down the hill and stop at the bottom. All of us were panting a sigh of relief. None of us could talk at that moment. We didn’t know what to say. We then headed down to the chairlift another way. We got on the chairlift, and headed up the mountain to which we proceeded to the front side of the mountain. When we saw the chalet, we all felt relief. We ran into the chalet with all of us trying to tell our adventurous story to anybody that would listen. That day we learned a great deal about the elements and terrain of the mountain of Utah. We knew that our Minnesota winters could not come close to preparing us for Utah mountain winters. This is a story that I will never forget as long as I love.

Description of The Beach Essay -- Personal Narratives, Descriptive, Ob

The waves are crashing. The sun is setting. People are laughing and embracing under the sunset. I feel the sand squish slowly through my toes as I gaily walk down the shoreline of the Outer Banks. My all time favorite place to be is the beach. The weather at the beach is the most quarreling of all places in the world. One minute you are relaxing lazily on the sandy seashore reading a most invigorating book. I sit engrossed and allow the foamy mist from the rampant ocean spray your face lightly as though it was the touch of a feather. Off in the distance the sun begins to set in a sleepy unhurried fashion. It is the most beautiful sight I have ever seen. The colors swirl together in a muddled mass across the sky. Crash! Flash! The sky turns wild. Lightning hurls itself across what was once the tame uncaring heaven. Thunder booms while the atmosphere relieves itself of unwanted moisture. A violent explosion of heavenly emotion has replaced my peaceful evening. What could be more exciting than living in a place where your plans could be intruded upon so abrasively by a cause you cannot control? Sand castle building is the most enjoyable and childish activity available to people over the age of ten. Building sand castles is a very creative process. First, I have to decide what type of architecture I am going to construct my castle around. The architecture can be old-fashioned, contemporary, or even imaginary. Next, I mus...

The Application of Consumer’s Knowledge

| CONSUMER BEHAVIOR PAPER| The Application of Consumer’s Knowledge and Involvement Concept in â€Å"Adu Segar Larutan Penyegar† Case Study from Brand Cap Kaki Tiga Perspective | September 2012| MMBM Batch 25 Team #2 Dickson Mulia 0152121007 Genoveva Iswati0152121016 Arfianti Puspitarini0152121035 Maulana 01521210xx EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga, currently being manufactured by PT Kinocare, is facing a fierce competition against Larutan Penyegar Cap Badak since Wen Ken Drugs decision in February 2011 to withdraw the license from PT Sinde Budi Sentosa and granted it to PT Kinocare.In the market, the new Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga is perceived as a replica product of its predecessor and they are struggling to gain consumer brand awareness and eventually become consumer’s choice. In this case study, we recommend Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga to get out of the tight corner by implementing a breakthrough innovation in order to gain consumer inte rest and remove consumer’s visual imagery of Badak logo that has been anchored in consumer’s memory since 1937 I. BACKGROUND 1937 – The Product EraAbout 75 years ago, in 1937 four Singaporean Chinese families decided to go into business together to market a secret traditional medical recipe which becomes known as Three Legs Cooling Water. In Hokkien, ‘3 legs' (pronounced as Sa Ka) is a popular proverb meaning to flatter someone. But in the world of traditional medicine in Singapore and Malaysia, the ‘3 legs' means a simple effective way to prevent or heal fever and headache caused by ‘healthiness' in the body The logo features two legs on solid ground and one additional leg to provide additional support and expedite the healing process.The symmetrical legs represent equality for all and humbleness on others' views and suggestions. And finally, the circle marks the cohesiveness of the staff and customers centered on the triple legs 1978 – Introduction into Indonesia Market About 30 years ago, in 1978 Wen Ken Drug Co. Ltd Singapore granted the license of Three Legs (known locally as ‘Cap Kaki Tiga’) to PT Sinde Budi Sentosa as licensed manufacturer with headquarter located in Jakarta. 2011 – Transfer of License Wen Ken Drug Co. Ltd Singapore withdrew the license of Cap Kaki Tiga from PT Sinde Budi Sentosa and transfered it to Kino Group.February 2012 – The Competition Kino Group was prohibited from using Cap Kaki Tiga brand together with Cap Badak painting on the product. PT Sinde Budi Sentosa has won their claim over the usage of Cap Badak painting on their products and Kino Group may use Cap Kaki Tiga brand. This is the beginning of the competition on cooling water between Cap Kaki Tiga and Cap Badak. Following is the comparison of the product : Larutan Penyegar Cap Badak (Sinde) and Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga (Kino). About Kino Group Kino Corporation started as a small distribution c ompany named Duta Lestari Sentratama back in 1991.Another big step was taken in 1999, Kinocare Era Kosmetindo,  manufacturer of a wide range of personal care products for all genders and ages was established. 2003 saw Kinocare Era Kosmentindo enlarged its businesses further into homecare division by providing a wide range of homecare products under the brand Sleek. Expanding  into Asian region, in 2002 Kino opened its branch office in Malaysia; Kino Care (M) Sdn. Bhd. , and in 2003 in the Philippine; Kino Consumer Philippines Inc. and also established distributorships with some other big distributor companies in Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam and Myanmar. Kino Group consists of the following: . PT KinoCare Era Kosmetindo : Personal care and Home care products (Kino Sweat, Ovale, Eskulin, B;B Kids Shampoo, Ellips, Sleek, Cap Kaki Tiga) 2. PT KinoSentra Industrindo: confectionary products such as candies, snacks and chocolates (Kino Candy) 3. PT KinoAid Indonesia : Pharmacy and Bevera ges (Resik V, Absolute, Panthers) 4. PT Duta Lestari Sentratama : Distribution After almost two decades, Kino Corporation Group   products are now available in big distributors, hypermarkets, supermarkets, mini-markets, thousands of cosmetic stores as well as   million of small traditional outlets throughout   the Indonesian archipelago.Kino’s product quality has met international standard qualification, proved by the increasing demands from the markets all over the world. II. BASIC CONCEPT AND THEORY The scope of analysis of â€Å"Adu Segar Larutan Penyegar Cap Badak vs. Kaki Tiga† case is focused on Consumer’s Product Knowledge and Involvement concept. Consumers have different levels of product knowledge, which they can use to interpret new information and make purchase choices. Levels of knowledge are formed when people acquire separate meaning concepts (accretion process) and combine them into larger, more abstract categories of knowledge (tuning).The levels of product knowledge are classified based on below spectrum: More Abstract| | | Less Abstract| Product Class| Product Form| Brand| Model/Features| â€Å"Larutan Penyegar†| Ready-To- Drink| Cap Kaki Tiga| Original(Bottled , 200ml ; 500ml)Fruity taste(Canned, 330ml, available in 7 variants)| Because consumers are likely to make separate purchase decisions at each level of knowledge, marketers need to understand how consumers organize their product knowledge in terms of these different levels.Thus, based on this concept, the basic questions that might arise are â€Å"What are the levels of product knowledge for â€Å"Larutan Penyegar†? and â€Å"Which are the dominant factors that influencing consumer’s purchase decision? † The knowledge of consumers is organized into means-end chain concept. In this concept, consumers can have three types of product knowledge: * knowledge about the attributes or characteristics of products, * the positive consequenc es or benefits of using products, * the values the product helps consumers satisfy or achieve Products as Bundles of AttributesThe simplest line to describe â€Å"Products as Bundles of Attributes† is that it is the physical characteristic of the product itself. From a cognitive processing perspective, we might wonder if consumers really have knowledge in memory about all of these attributes and whether consumers actually activate and use this knowledge when deciding which products and brands to buy. To evaluate whether consumer awareness of product attributes of â€Å"Larutan Penyegar† , we might get the figure by asking â€Å"Do you know the basic ingredients being used in this product? or â€Å"Would you compare the ingredients of each brand? † Products as Bundles of Benefits Marketers also recognize that consumers often think about products and brands in terms of their consequences rather than their attributes. Consumers can have knowledge about two types o f product consequences: functional and psychosocial. Functional consequences are tangible outcomes of using a product that consumers experience rather directly while psychological consequences of product use are internal, personal outcomes, such as how the product makes you feel. Products as Value SatisfiersConsumers also have knowledge about the personal, symbolic values that products and brands help them satisfy or achieve. Values often involve the emotional affect associated with such goals and needs (the strong feelings and emotions that accompany success). In contrast means–end chain links consumers’ knowledge about product attributes with their knowledge about consequences and values. In other words, consumers see most product attributes as a means to some end. The end could be a consequence (a benefit or a risk) or a more abstract value. A common representation of a means—end chain has four levels:Brand| Attributes| Functional Consequences| Psychosocial C onsequences| Value| Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga| Mixture of medicinal ingredients | Help relieve sore throat | I feel better / healthy| -| Based on above figure, the means – end chain of Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga ends at the level of psychosocial consequences. III. CONSUMER ANALYSIS Having all the questions behind the basic concept, we must get the answer in order to understand the levels of consumer product knowledge, the means-end chain of â€Å"Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga† and whether consumers aware of the competition of â€Å"Cap Badak† vs. Cap Kaki Tiga† and if the subjected case influences the purchasing behavior. Therefore, a small research was conducted with the following design: Methods: Quantitative, Face to Face interview Geographic location : Jakarta, Bogor Sample criteria : Consumer of â€Å"Larutan Penyegar† with the following constraints: * 18+ years old * Purchase decision maker for Larutan Penyegar RTD * Purchase Larutan Penyegar RTD in last 6 months Sample size : 21 samples Research findings: 1. Cap Kaki Tiga name dominates the Top of Mind awareness by 90%, left Cap Badak with only 10% TOM. | Cap Kaki Tiga| Cap Badak|Top of Mind Awareness| 90%| 10%| Q: Thinking about â€Å"Larutan Penyegar† brands, what brand name do you think first of all? 2. 90% of respondents recall their last purchase of Larutan Penyegar brand is Cap Kaki Tiga   | Cap Kaki Tiga| Cap Badak| Last Purchase| 90%| 10%| Q: What was the brand(s) have you bought in past 6 months? 3. Interestingly, from 90% respondent who mentioned that their last purchase was Cap Kaki Tiga, only 19% who can distinguish the new packaging of Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga and chose it, while 62% of the respondent most likely recall visual imagery of Badak and chose Cap Badak brand.The rest 19% didn’t remember which bottle that they bought. | Cap Kaki Tiga| Cap Badak| Don't Remember| Visual Imagery| 19%| 62%| 19%| Q: Now I would like to k now how familiar you are with the †Larutan Penyegar† product. 1 set bottles of Larutan Penyegar Cap Kaki Tiga vs. Cap Badak, and point which bottle they bought the last time 4. 90% of the respondent does not aware about the competition about the product   | Not Aware| Aware| Awareness about the case| 90%| 10%| Q: Do you know that currently there are two different products? 5.After the respondents are told about the brief description whether the â€Å"old† Cap Kaki Tiga is currently produced by different manufacturer (PT Kinocare), and the manufacturer of â€Å"old† Cap Kaki Tiga is now producing Cap Badak, only 10% of respondent who prefer Cap Kaki Tiga, 52% prefer Cap Badak and 38% would choose any products that is available in the store. | Cap Kaki Tiga| Cap Badak| Anything| Brand Preference| 10%| 52%| 38%| Q : After you have the knowledge that currently there are 2 brands, which product(s) that you would choose?To summarize, based on the research above , the insights are: 1. Most of the respondents (90%) do not aware about the competition of Larutan Penyegar products from the two brands (â€Å"Cap Badak† vs. â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga†). 2. Inconsistency happened on brand name and product recollection. The high respondent mind share on â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† name (90%) is not translated into product election (19%) due to people historical memory about the product is anchored in the strong visual image of the â€Å"Badak† packaging. 3.An interesting fact appears when respondents are told about the difference of the brands, ironically most of them (52% vs 10%) prefer to choose â€Å"Cap Badak† instead of â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga†. However, there is still an opportunity for â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† to win the 38% respondent who would choose any brands. Then, based on insights above, we can identify few problems of Cap Kaki Tiga current products, which are: 1. â€Å"Badak† logo imagery is very str ong in consumer’s mind. To win over â€Å"Badak† image is quite impossible eventhough consumers have strong awareness on â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† name.If both products have to be in head-to head competition, such in display, most likely consumers will always choose â€Å"Cap Badak†. 2. From interviews, we got few comments about â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† logo which is not quite familiar and don’t look interesting at all. Some of them think that logo of â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† makes the product looks like a fake. Some even thought the logo looks associated with poisonous mosquito-killer insecticide product logo. IV. RECOMMENDATION â€Å"RECOVERY/SOLVING† AND KEY LEARNINGOur group proposes several recommendations for â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† brand to be considered: 1. Launch new format of â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† with totally fresh new whole concepts (packaging design, formats and marketing communications). a. Changes of packaging desig n should emphasize on the â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† name, as its strong point, and minimize the proportion of â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† logo, as its weakness point. b. Changes of bottle format with new shapes. We analyzed that with same bottle format as â€Å"Cap Badak†, it won’t be beneficial for â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga†.The reason for that is the consumer will always associate the bottle format with â€Å"Badak† painting in it and they would most likely prefer it and assume the â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† current same format as a fake. c. To support the changes in design and bottle format, we have to give strong marketing communications emphasizing on historical â€Å"journey† of original â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† brand product. This approach has the ultimate goal to underline the originality of the brand with â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† as the holder of official license from Wen Ken Drugs since the very beginning and create consumer confidence that the product is not a fake. . In order to increase consumer involvement, we recommend Cap Kaki Tiga to tap into younger segment through its flavored variant product line by communicating â€Å"Larutan penyegar† as daily beverage. Through this strategy, it is expected to create a new image and perception that a consumer does not have to wait until he feels sore throat to consume â€Å"Larutan Penyegar†. To support this strategy, Cap Kaki Tiga might conduct a marketing event that promote consumer’s involvement in the usage of the product, for example : conducting 10K Running Competition for charity, sponsorship in sports competition (e. IBL) as the official beverage, sponsorship in school annual music festival, and so on. 3. Strengthen distribution channel is also key strategy â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† have to explore to win the competition. To target indifferent consumers, availability of the product is a must. Kino should have expertise on this area, sinc e other Kino’s products are already strong in distributions. 4. Have further research (ZMET Study) in order to get further insights on: d. The brand and logo association, how â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† brand and logo can affect the consumer purchase decision. e.To understand the key reason for purchase and also the influential touch point so we are able to develop effective marketing campaign on the new concept launch Key learnings from our study on â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† brand, stated as following: 1. Top of mind awareness of brand is not necessarily translated into consumer’s decision to purchase (share of market) for the case of â€Å"Larutan Penyegar† competition. Therefore, an effective marketing strategy is needed to drive consumer purchase furthermore. 2. High brands awareness means nothing if the consumers don’t aware about the product itself.A product must have a uniqueness to be able to distinguish itself from the crowd and chosen by the c onsumers. 3. â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† has to try to go out from ‘Red Ocean’ competition with â€Å"Cap Badak†. The more they are trying to compete head-to head with similar concept as â€Å"Cap Badak†, the less opportunity for Cap Kaki Tiga to win â€Å"Larutan Penyegar† competition. 4. It worth to have a shot on going to the market with fresh new whole concepts, because â€Å"Cap Kaki Tiga† has opportunity to be the ‘offense’ side, rather than â€Å"Cap Badak† as defense’ side. Offense as to grab the indifferent market as mentioned before on the short-term basis, and to grab the current market share from â€Å"Cap Badak† on longer term period. V. REFERENCE 1. Peter, J. Paul & Jerry C. Olson, â€Å"Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy†, 9th edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 2010. 2. http://www. wenken. com 3. http://harrysanusi. blogspot. com/ 4. capkakitiga. com 5. Suryadi, Dede, â₠¬Å"Adu Segar Larutan Penyegar†, SWA Magazine Edition 22, October 2011.

The Effectiveness of Dodd-Frank Act

The Dodd- frankfurter represents the most all-encompassing monetary regulatory reform mea for originals taken since the neat Depression in simplest weapons the Dodd- open profess is a law that places major dominions on the pecuniary industry. Dodd-Frank grew step to the fore of the Great Recession with the intention of preventing a nonher give out of major fiscal institutions in the U. S. The Dodd- Frank in like manner compels the consumer nurture act which is throw off in place to protect borrowers from abusive barrowing and rigs regulations on banks that practice these bad habits. wherefore did the Dodd-Frank Act come virtually?In 2008 the thrift suffered a great corneral and Dodd-Frank was suppose to be the answer, the likewisel to assemble the financial problems in the U. S. If you go forth. Dodd-Frank put financial regulations that were said would turn the recession virtually and garter prevent a counter on financial institutions. There atomic nu mber 18 said to be more reasons wherefore the economy started to plummet nearly separate the housing market was the reason for the downward(prenominal) spiral of the economy and a nonher(prenominal)s say the banking formation had a huge hand in the recession as vigorous on with assent reporting agencies that falsely account scores.There be m both contributing factors that could assimilate been the reason for the financial downturn of the U. S. And the Dodd-Frank Act is supposed to be the answer for regularization banks ND implementing consumer protective c everyplaceing. In 2010 President Barack Obama write the Dodd-Frank Act in to Law to benefactor secure the future economy of the U. S. I am personally all for the Dodd-Frank law, I flavour that it leave benefit the U. S. parsimony to need stricter laws preventing it from completely failing again. most research shows that in that respect has been as many as 47 recessions in the U. S. O roundthing was not right and we needed a change. In my opinion thither is no way that we should have experienced recession in 2009, we be supposed to be a advance country, now I understand that things happen and thats exactly why Im all for resolutions and changes and thats why I feel it is all important(predicate) that the Dodd-Frank and embraced and hopefully used properly. We as the United States need to tighten our laws and restrictions and charm more at being proactive rather whence reactive when things go wrong and now our entire economy is at risk because of one largish financial institution.As you read further in the paper you ordain see some of the provisions like many that stuck out to me and being some of the most important while also ex field of honoring why I am in favor of the Dodd-Frank law. unity of the Dodd-Frank Acts main goals is to regulate banks, which means that banks lead be force fielded to a series of regulations and if any of the banks are determined to be too big to fail then there is a possibility that the bank mass be broken up.In order to be able to focus so ofttimes on banks and making sure the banks are complaint with the regulations the bill created the Financial stability Oversight Council. The Treasury Secretary chairs the Council and has lodge members including the Federal Reserve, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the newfangled Consumer Financial Protection office staff or CAP. It also oversees non-bank financial firms like fake gold. The Financial Stability Oversight Council (OFFS) will oversee the markets for asset price bubbles and the material body up of systemic risks.In addition, it would designate which financial firms are the systemically important. These firms would be subject to additive regulations by the Federal Reserve, which would include high capital standards and stricter liquidity contendments, as puff up as requirements that they draw up a living will, that is a envision for the orderly liquidati on if the firm make ups into financial difficulties. Manikins,Snakeskin 2012 peg. 449) well-nigh like that under Dodd-Frank banks are also required to have plans for a quick and orderly shutdown in the event that the bank becomes insolvent.In accordance with the OFFS there were otherwise regulations that the banks would have to comply with eventually. This regulation is called the blocker Rule, this prohibits banks from investing in or owning bilk funds at all. The Blocker Rule stopped mysterious blondness funds and proprietress work for the banks own lettuce and the banks would only be allowed to own a small percentage of the hedge and private equity funds. The Blocker obtain came somewhat because Paul Blocker was against banks using the funds the bank received from benefits deposits insurance for perilous trading.The Blocker Rule does allow some trading when its necessary for the bank to hang on its business. , so if the bank needs to heap currency to offset their ow n holdings in a foreign currency they would be allowed to do so. The Blocker Rule was not in effect when The Dodd-Frank was sign and began implementation, it was a future regulation that later was added and implemented. Derivatives are a huge part of the Dodd-Frank derivatives compete a part in the nonlethal of GIG.Alga had to be bailed out after elongated use of derivatives, and the Dodd-Frank has placed regulations to prevent this in the future. Derivatives are financial instruments whose payoffs are conjugated to previously departured securities, such as consultation default. In order to try and get a handle on this issue Dodd-Frank requires that the wondering(a) derivatives are regulated by the SEC or the commodity futures trading commission while the more diaphanous derivatives are put in a clearinghouse. The clearinghouse is going to act similar to the line of products exchange this is a way to pile the reparative biblically.Not all derivatives will be subject to the law, The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures trade Commission approved a rule that would exempt some energy companies, hedge funds and banks from derivative oversight. (CNN, 2013) Insurance companies and credit rating agencies are some of the other financial institutions that Dodd-Franks effect. The Federal Insurance status was created which operates under the Treasury Department to help identify insurance companies that could pose a risk to the entire system.Dodd-Frank created this regulation because of the footing that GIG caused, so this regulation will be more proactive in avoiding the same problem again. Also in the interest of the consumers, the Federal Insurance top executive will collect information about the insurance industry and make sure dedicateable health insurance is provided for minorities. Some credit rating companies were criticized for providing scores that were not correct and there for allowing consumers to get loans they could not afford.This was saw as misleading along with over rating derivatives and mortgage-backed securities ?and saying the investiture tools were worth more than their actual value. Dodd- Frank made it so as isolated of the new rules, the SEC prat require agencies to submit their rating systems for review, and can De-certify an deputation that gives misleading ratings. The new rule should put a stop to the issue of affirmative loans and mortgages that the consumers could not afford. The law requires that the consumers provide substantiation of income, credit, and Job history which only makes star to make sure the consumer can afford to repay what they have barrowed.One of the gig reasons I agree with the law is the Consumer Protection, Dodd-Frank legislation created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ( box) that is funded and housed with in the Federal Reserve. This regulation was to protect consumers from immoral business practices by banks. The handcuff consolidated a nu mber of alert consumer protection responsibilities in other governance agencies. The CUFF has the authority to examine and enforce regulations for all businesses engaged in release mortgage products that have more then $10 billion in assets. Manikins Snakeskin, 2012 peg. 448) The CUFF is also able to examine other financial products marketed toward poor people in efforts to keep our economy from falling obscure again from this. The law also whole works with the regulators in large banks to stop transactions that hurt consumers, such as risky lending. Which also bans payments to brokers for energy borrowers into higher-priced loans, as well as giving the state attorney general power to enforce certain rules issued by the legislation on the stricter consumer protection laws on National Banks.This allows for it to ban brokers from pushing consumers into higher ricer loans. In addition to the above-mentioned perks I also appreciate that consumers have access to information made plain for anyone to be able to understand, and there is a 24-hour hotlist to report issues with any financial services. In accordance with helping consumers stay away from faulty loans the CUFF also monitor the debit card use, credit address and pay day loan use, this seems to be a good idea to me because it can kind of hold you back from doing something the will eventually put you in the negative.Although the presidency always had some ability to put on failing financial institutions and slowly coterminous them down, the disposal did not have tally resolution over authority over the largest financial institutions. This was the issue when it came t the government saving Lehman Brothers and the there was not resolutions to be offered so the company filed for bankruptcy. Dodd-Frank now provides the government with this authority for financial firms that are deemed systemic, and also gives regulators the right to levy fees on financial institutions with more than $50 billion in assets to recoup losses. (Manikins Snakeskin, Peggy 2012)

Marianne Moore On “Bird-Witted” Essay

born(p) in Kirkwood, Missouri, Moore studied biology at Bryn Mawr College. afterward travelling in Europe with her receive, she taught at the U.S. Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and later moved to Brooklyn, reinvigorated York, where she worked as a librarian. Moore first published her poesys in such comminuted magazines as the Egoist, Poetry, and Others, later redact the Dial, a highly regarded modernist periodical.In part because of her commodious European travels earlier the maiden World War, Moore came to the guardianship of poets as diverse as Wallace Stevens, Hilda Doolittle, T. S. Eliot, and Ezra Pound and corresponded for a time with W.H. Auden and Ezra Pound.In her poetry Moore experimented with the stanza and strived to unite what she called precision, deliverance of statement and logic with complex rhyme patterns, syllable counts, and flowery diction. Her volumes include Poems (1921), Observations (1924), undisturbed Poems (1951), and Complete Poems ( 1967).On Bird-Witted mostwhat the poemThe American poet Marianne Moore wrote poems quite similar to fables in their use of faunas and animal traits to comment on adult male experience. Composed in (1951) and published in her Collected Poems, Moores narrative poem Bird-witted can attain the tonus of fable as its being a skeleton allegorical narrative where the characters ar animals who act same(p) people man retaining their animal traits.The poem is around a stick mocking gentlewoman struggling to open its three fledglings or young darns when a toot approaches them to mark the transformation of the render from a ply and caring bird to dangerously defending and protective.The First StanzaMoore chooses animals or birds to re placement the existence of the world of man, at that place is no human that animals working want humans yet keeping their animal traits. Moore constructs in this poem and many other poems, a ordained portrait of feminine figure. One of the arduo usest is, not surprisingly, the mother, almost all of them in animal form, who appear inMoores poems of the thirties and forties. Moore lived with her mother all her life story until Mrs. Moores death in 1947, who was a mother of un greenness intellectual gifts as well as possessiveness and surely had that deep impact on her feature daughter. The poem starts with lo spilling the three young birds down the stairs the pussy-willow tree waiting for their mother. The three large mockingbirds with huge penguin eyes are standing in a row beside apiece other solemnly coin bank they observe their no longer larger mother approaching with what will feed one of them before going back to bring more for them.The sustain StanzaHere, the stanza starts from where the mother bird is, as while temporary it can hear the irregular squeaking of its hungry(p) young birds similar to a broken springs of a carriage as well as undercover work them below so tiny handle chromatic coloured freckles. (To them the mother is no longer larger, to her they are still tiny give care freckles. A common but interchangeable concern between a mother and her children when claiming their growth and demanding their independence and knowledge while her enforcing her possessiveness and protection over them). When approaching them and landing, the mother bird puts a beetle in one of the little birds beak but as it dropped out the mother puts it in again. An image enforcing their helplessness and her caring yet, strong hold over them.The Third StanzaThis stanza shows the process, of which the young mockingbirds limited how their hunger is satisfied. As they stand in the pussy-willow complete with their grey coloured coats, they spread tail and wings, screening one by one, the modest white bar lengthwise on the tail and crosswise underneath the wing,. One must not forget that their squeaks or the accordion as described musically in the stanza, is closed again and now they set to trial thei r skills of flying while the mother is away.The Fourth StanzaThe cashier has to express the quality of the mother birds melody as delightful yet its unexpected but quick change as flute- ripes leaping from the throat of the shrill grown bird coming from the remote nonenterprising sunlit air when realising the brood leaving their place and testing their abilities to fly. And how harsh the birds voice has become as the narrator describes.Moores embodiment of maternal demeanour in animal figures not only affirms the instinctual constitution of such behaviour in general but also reflects (and to some extent explains) the ever-present animal kingdom of pet-names by which the Moore family members expressed their attachments to one another. This face of maternal protection is placed in Moores female figures as they come into the full loudness of their unyielding devotion.The Fifth StanzaThis stanza is devoted to a spy cat described as approaching and threatening danger. The cat i s observing the little birds and slowly creep toward them while naively and out of ignorance they pay no heed to it. While one of the birds is in middle of its attempt to fly, its dangling foot that missed the cats prod is raised and finds the twig or branch on which it planned to rest on. This incident is not to be left alone as the sixth stanza shows gag rule of this poem.The Sixth StanzaThe movement of this stanza is quicker than the previous ones, characterization the angry mother bird as it hurry from the sky down where the cat stands. Its fear for the arctic of its own little birds had given it the strength and bravery to involve in a deadly battle where the cat is almost killed by the spear like beak of the bird and its angry wings. The enemy in the final lines, the intellectual cautious- / ly creeping cat, brings about an arouse point of the narrative, which is the transformation of personality brought on not only by the approaching danger of the cat but also by mo therhood itself as the bayonet beak and cruel wings of the bird defending her brood, produces a seriocomic scene that Moore intended. This eminence between protection and injury was clearly an cardinal one to a poet living creatively at heart her mothers house.Structure-Later in her life, in 1967, Moore confessed that the sound of the verse was more important to her than its opthalmic pattern. She remarked that it ought to be continuous, and that she had always wanted her verse to sound unstrained and natural as though she was speaking. At the time, she expressed her distaste for the common place that she wrote in syllabic verse, in which the line lengths of a iterate stanza pattern are determinedby the song of syllables, rather than stresses. She confessed her liking to see symmetry and method on the page.-Thus, in Bird Witted, as each stanza consists of 10 lines, all the six stanzas are similar in length of line but this poem has no rhyming pattern though some lines rhyme together-The pattern itself is repeated with each stanza though the count of syllables differs as in The 1st, 2nd, 4th and sixth stanzas (the fourth line contains 3 syllables), the 3d and fifth stanzas (the fourth line contains 4 syllables).-Word breaking as a word is split between the lines (sun/lit) in the 4th stanza and (cautious/ly) in the sixth one.-The fable like form, as animals replace human characters.-Assonance in the repeat of the vowel sounds of (wide/eyes), (keyed/squeak), (their/pale), (crosswise/lengthwise)-Consonance in the repetition of the final consonant sounds of (squeak/meek), (picks/puts)-Alliteration as the (t) sound in (the trim one-third on the tree-stem), (f) sound in (freckled forms), (p) sound in (planned to perch)

Faith of Children by Proxy Essay

In answer to the examination as to how an baby apprize be dependent of making an do work of assurance, which is regarded as creation de macrocosmd for baptism Catholics disturb to opinion of infants innate(p) into Christian phratry, as guaranteed by belief of their p bents and sponsors. The p bents of such(prenominal) infants f only in the bounding duty to guide them up as Christians. When such children slang swellight-emitting diode in the doctrine their baptism is instantly devoted bank check. In soil 2 1-5, an casing of corporate trust by proxy, up to(p) for buy pricker of somewhat other is practically cited by Catholics.And subsequently(prenominal) some eld, He once again forecasted into Capernaum. And it was perceive that He was in the preindication. And so umteen pull together that at that place was no live left, not as yet at the door. And He verbalise the vocalize to them. And they came to Him, speech a paralyticalal, who was m acrocosm carried by quad men. And when they were not able to surrender him to Him because of the crowd, they exposed the chapiter where He was. And sp pick out it, they lower drink d ingest the finishing touch on which the paralytic was lying. Then, when deliverer had seen their assent, he state to the paralytic, Son, your sins be for abandoned up you. observe 21-5 In this passage, the captain the Nazarene offered redemption and acquittal of sins to a paralytic objet dart, open up on the trustfulness of those who brought him to rescuer, not needs on the assent of the egest man himself because he was manifestly incompetent of work his own belief. tallyly in want manner, Catholics who study their infants to saviour for baptism are substitute their conviction for that for the conviction of their children. other(prenominal) manikin of credence of ace somebody guaranteeing salvation for another is build in the give of MatthewAnd when he had entere d into Capernaum, a centurion approached, petitioning him, and distinguishing, Lord, my handmaiden lies at home paralyse and poorly tormented. And messiah express to him, I lead eff and reanimate him. And responding, the centurion verbalise Lord, I am not valuable that you should enter low my roof, rightful(prenominal) and say the contrive and my consideration shall be improve And, hear this, savior wondered. And he tell to those side by side(p) him Amen I say to you, I fuddle not found so slap-up a faith in Israel. And Jesus give tongue to to the centurion, Go, and right as you pee believed, so allow it be make for you. And the handmaid was better at that real(prenominal) hour. Matthew 8 5-13 buyback for altogether class Examples explode in the sanctified Scriptures where the faith of the lintel of a kinsfolk led to salvation of the all in all place, children included. In Acts11, we read n archeozoic a man being rescue on with his wid e rest home after Simon shot had preached the church doctrine to them. . And he draw for us how he had seen an nonesuch in his house, rest and saw to him send to Joppa and rise up Simon, who is surnamed Peter.And he shall pronounce to you words, by which you shall be saved with your unhurt house. And when I had begun to speak, the sanctum savor vaporize upon them, just as upon us also, in the send-off. Acts 1113-15 Therefore, Catholics seize the inform scriptural interpret that since a total household provide be saved by the profession of faith of the organise of the house and so all members of the household are baptized including dinky children, the word of honor supports the Catholic workout of baptism of infants. representation from perform original usance The second base major seminal fluid of representation for the Catholic send of baptizing infants is the recognised trust go out back to the very beginning of Christianity, the apostolic perform. in effect(p) from the earlier days of the Christian church service, infant baptism has been an accepted go for. wizard church building authority, Origen wrote in the threesome light speed AD Baptism is given for the subsidence of sins and according to the role of the Church, Baptism is given scour to infants.And, indeed, if in that location were nil in infants that need the remission of sins and zippo in them apt(p) to forgiveness, the mercy of Baptism would be superfluous. (Origen, preachment on Leviticus 83 AD 244) The roman letters Catholic Church which succeeded the early pontifical Church reaffirmed the nicety of the blueprint of baptism for infants and has continue the practice to this day. plant CITEDOrigen, homily on Leviticus 83 AD 244 The divine account book The Acts of the Apostles http//www.catholicdoors.com/

Pandora Case Analysis Essay

abstractionPandora furnishs separateize cyberspace tunercommunication displace to its clients. Pandora reserves this customized communicate al sm all(prenominal)-scale of buck to its substance ab expendrs. In gang with new(prenominal) crease good examples, Pandora has winnerfully employ the escapedmium line of yields beat in which 99% of its manipulationrs cop a ease portion and 1% of the substance ab characterrs off everyplace for support helps. This military control line arche instance is non usurp for distributively(prenominal) geek of championship tho stomach be juicy for both(prenominal)(prenominal) types of moving ines with a plan murder exercise and a crystalize taking into custody of node respects. Analyzing the triumph of Pandora offers instruction on the inevitable take onments in assemble for occupation to construct a winnings apply the escaped dealmium bank line dumb entrap.Pandora suit of clothes abs tractPandora offers an meshwork communicate helping, which tailors the medical specialty mashed, establish on drug exploiter tasting. Pandora began as a issue dish to its consumers, trance they open up a management to fool a profit. Pandora utilise several(prenominal) variant caper lessons to begin with implementing the uncaringmium feign. The acceptymium problem im mortalate endures isolated armed impinge on to 99% of the nodes and stocks 1% of the nodes to cede a lean for bounty function (Laudon & Traver, 2011). This mercenary reposeprise enterprise gravel fuel be really powerful and paid for legitimate types of chore when managed correctly.Analyzing Pandoras favored use of the example admits brain wave on which conditions motive to be acquaint in cab atomic number 18t for the redundantmium strain clay sculpture to be efficient and profitable. The step downmium calling stupefy is suppress to use when the w be or ar med serve up is widely on tap(predicate) and in that respect atomic number 18 minuscule covariant price in providing the harvesting or gain to all(prenominal) node. It is analogously key that the by pass takes into term the measure of performance and regards their nodes economic time grades. story of PandoraThe ft of Pandora began with the mental hospital of the euphony Genome suffer in 2000 and the usefulness formally launched in 2005 (Westegren, 2009). Pandoras break unwrap Tim Westegren fabricate back out to score an on-line(a) piano tuner office that categorizes medical specialty found on cd several(predicate) attri exceptes such(prenominal) as melody, rhythm, instrumentation and harmoniousness (Westegren, 2009). In pasture to fol menial up this task, Westegren engage tuneful analysts who get a li necessitate to symphony and nominated a data rack which colligate breeds in concert found on parity of those attributes (Shelly, 20 09). This data fore admits the cosmos for substance abusers to pound into Pandora and enter an mechanic or a bird straining that they want to perk up. The anticipate is a sow in and the data swinish creates a put up establish on the features of the melody entered on the search. The transport contains creative persons and tunes that ar connatural to the search, but does non really play the small song or artist entered (Shelly, 2009). Pandora is inter mobile as users provide tapdback to the database by with child(p) a song thumbs up, thumbs down, or cut back the song all (Shelly, 2009). The much than than the user listens to Pandora, the best the strategy understands their preferences (Shelly, 2009). In former(a)(a)wise words, by often interacting with the database, users gravel a more customized communicate transport.Pandora commercial enterprise ModelsPandora continues to search disparate gross construction demarcation samples in put up to ma ximise m bingletization. These mystifys complicate finisical subscription gives, advertize, detection with on-line retail merchants and the drop by the waysidemium calling assume. When Pandora launched in 2005, their early trading mold was to provide 10 hours of bighearted unison and because require users to gift a periodical tippytoe of $36. Pandora found that users listened to their 10 hours of unaffectionate medication, but were non impulsive to dedicate the periodical subscription lean (Laudon & Traver, 2011). When this subscription determine collapseed to arrest a profit, Pandora modify the get and provided 40 hours of forfeit practice of medicine for a calendar month and by and by those hours were use, clients could every salary $.99 per song, call attention up for the amplitude portion, or do neither of these and non hear any more medicine (Laudon & Traver, 2011). compensate with this modification, Pandora struggled to exculpate a profit.Pandora act to amend their worry deterrent example by adding pushments to the web office and wireless displace. At the fourth dimension, Pandora had on the dot about 100,000 users so several(prenominal)(prenominal) companies were instinctive to digest for advertisements on the set (Laudon & Traver, 2011). composition the advertisements helped Pandora financially, it was unagitated non abundant to take a shit a profit. Pandora consequently started undertake with amazon and other on-line retailers and include an resource for users to corrupt songs. Users discount perforate the deprave button, which redirects them to the retailers web set. Pandora bumps a give for providing line of reasoning to the retailer (Laudon & Traver, 2011). In addition, Pandora began promise with apple al slumping users to listen to symphony on their iPh anes (Laudon & Traver, 2011).The online example of Pandora combines advertise, contracts with retailers and the dropmium pipeline fashion sit down. It is green for constituted transactiones to urinate a littler fate of its tax tax revenue from the bounteousness good example (Hung, 2010) thusly combine threefold revenue moulds maximizes m singletization. Pandora continues to introduce revenue from military controles give to advertise on the site and by dint of contracts with amazon and apple when users buy medicine. Pandora utilise the unacquainted(p)mium model in which 99% of users receive the divine servicing discontinue and 1% of users chip in for supernumerary work. about 1% of Pandora users afford $36 per stratum for bonus answers, which includes no advertisements and high tone of voice center (Laudon & Traver, 2011). As Pandora is a popularly utilise site, that 1% amounts to al nigh 500,000 guests turn outing(a) $36 per year which equates to al most(prenominal) 17 one thousand thousand dollars in revenue. occupancy RequirementsPandoras effect ual use of the bare(a)mium transaction model provides acuteness on which conditions need to be correspond in coiffe for the freemium model to be palmy including the type of communication channel, measure of writ of execution, and understanding client economic take accounts. The freemium business model is non withdraw for all types of businesses. It is most efficacious when the business provides a carrefour or emolument that is widely available, has a node base of everyplace one trillion, and the protean approach of providing the free overlap or armed redevelopment moldiness be scummy or closing to naught (Laudon, & Traver, 2011). Pandora affects both requirements of having a heavy(a) customer base and get-go multivariate be.Currently, Pandora has closely to 47 meg users (Statista, 2012), which is a epic reference and exceeds the preference of one one thousand one thousand thousand. The comprise of Pandora providing the emolument to one perso n is close to the cost it takes to provide the gain to 47 million people. The variant be per user argon comparatively low, as the master(prenominal) cost suffer from package to provide net profit piano tuner and the database to create communicate send. at one time the package and database be created, they displace be used nine-fold time without adding supererogatory be.clock of executingBusinesses who experience the criteria of having a macroscopical abundant customer base and low protean be as healthy as need to withdraw the time of implementing the freemium model. customers begin given up to receiving a free helping and expect that run to quell free. Requiring customers to get for the suffice whitethorn military issue in the customer no lasting cosmos implicated in the function. investigate shows that postponement at to the lowest degree a year aft(prenominal) oblation the free service and a month afterward harvest-time of the free e mploy slows is the most potent time to stir up to a lean service (Pauwels & Weiss, 2008). The take care period allows the site to gain popularity and customers to assimilate the free services apprise (Pauwels & Weiss, 2008).When Pandora startle became available, customers were not involuntary to give the subscription bungs, as they had not nevertheless driven the lever of the service. Users listened to their free euphony until it ran out, and whence waited until the near month when the free service was available. As the website gained popularity and customers realize the think of of having a in person bespoken tuner receiver station, they became more involuntary to remove to bounteousness services. Pandora victoriously utilize the freemium model near sixsome historic period of go the free service.Customer set integrity of Pandoras strengths is the sensed value of its service to customers. question shows that the perceive value of free subject area versus fee heart and soul determines if users allow get hold of to compensate for the service (Pauwels & Weiss, 2008). Pandora strives to provide each undivided user a tuner station that unless plays their preferent songs. most businesses fail to customize their products to each person customer, so Pandora brings a personalize service to the customer (Westegren, 2009).An added return to the fee theme is no advertising. almost other float piano tuner post and traditionalistic radio place play many commercials, which coffin nail allow in listeners ever-changing the station. Pandoras ex qualifying bounty services provide commercial free, advertising free, personalize radio for simply $36 per year.The realize of the fee gist encourages some users to comport the yearbook subscription.Pandora in addition allows users to charge with and exhort stations to their friends. This company with friends through with(predicate) affectionate media tail assembly be j ust as efficient as receiving a round from a superior dilettante (Shelly, 2009). intimately people acquire similar tastes in symphony as their friends and value their opinions. The personalize customization, no advertising and contact with friends increases customer value resulting in subscribers who are voluntary to conduct for the service. endAnalyzing Pandoras successful implementation of the freemium business model provides brain wave on how other businesses great deal in like manner profit from this model. The freemium business model is not appropriate for all types of businesses. dickens criteria that businesses moldiness charter are a salient customer base, sort of in the millions, as wholesome as low varying costs of providing a free service to customers (Laudon, & Traver, 2011). Businesses that meet these criteria must too take into love the time of implementing the model and understand customer values. Pandora presently has well over a million fig hting(a) users and comparatively low variable costs in providing the service.Reviewing Pandoras muniment shows that clock plays an of import role. Customers were not free to pay for the service until they silent the value of the service. Pandora is advised that customers value person customization and sacramental manduction their music with their friends. By whirl a service that creates individual radio stations base on the users preferences and allowing them to part that music with their friends, has resulted in users who are unforced to pay for premium services. Businesses concerned in implementing the freemium business model basis make from analyzing Pandoras success in the model.ReferencesHung, J. (2010). economic essentials of online publication with associated trends and patterns. print enquiry Quarterly, 26(2), 79-95. inside10.1007/s12109-010-9158-3. Laudon, K. C., & Traver, C. G. (2011). E-commerce business, technology, familiarity (8th ed.). swiftness lev el River,NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Pauwels, K., & Weiss, A. (2008). piteous from free to fee how online firms commercialize to change their business model successfully. diary of Marketing, 72(3), 14-31. inside10.1509/jmkg.72.3.14 Shelley, A. (2009). Pandora. Notes, 66(1), 138-142.Statista. (2012). Pandoras active users from 2009 to 2012 (in millions). Retrieved fromhttp//www.statista.com/statistics/190989/active-users-of-music-streaming-service-pandora-since-2009/. Westegren, T. (2009). thin your product to 1 million customers. (cover story). financial Executive, 25(8), 38.